Why Is It Cold in One Country, Rainy in Another, and Hot in Yet Another?

When it is freezing cold in India, a distant country might be facing monsoon rains and floods. When it is summer in India, northern China might experience snowfall. Do you know why this happens?
The Earth is round like a ball, and sunlight does not fall evenly on all its parts. The Earth's equator faces the sun directly, receiving straight sunlight, which results in higher temperatures. As you move farther north or south toward the poles, the sun's rays fall at a slant, reducing the heat. Therefore, different parts of the Earth experience different weather conditions at the same time.
Additionally, coasts and mountains influence local weather. The Himalayas remain covered with snow year-round, making surrounding regions very cold with mild summers. Forests also play a role: dense forests and green regions keep the atmosphere cool, while coastal areas have high humidity. Due to these geographical factors, weather varies across different countries.