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Logical Reasoning Test-3

7. Premiums for automobile accident insurance are often higher for red cars than for cars of other colors. To justify these higher charges, insurance companies claim that, overall, a greater precentage of red cars are involved in accidents than are cars of any other colors. If this claim is true, then lives could undoubtedly be saved by banning red cars from the roads altogether.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument :

A. Accepts without question that insurance companines have the right to charge higher premiums for higher risk clients.

B. Fails to consider whether red cars cost the same to repair as cars of other colors.

C. Ignores the possibility that drivers who drive recklessly have a preference for red cars.

D. Does not specify precisely what percentage of red cars are involved in accidents.

E. Makes an unsupported assumption that every automobile accident results in some loss of life.

8. ONe morning, George Petersen of Petersen's Garage watches as a 1995 Da Volo station wagon is towed onto his lot. because he knows that nealy 90% of the 1995 Da Volo station wagons brought to his garage for work in the past were brought in because of malfunctioning power windows, he reasons that there is an almost 9 to 1 chance that the car he saw this morning has also been brought in to correct its faulty power windows.

Which one of the following employs flawed reasoning most similar to that employed by George Petersen ?

A. Mayor Lieberman was reelected by a majority of almost 75%. Since Janine Davis voted in that mayoral election, the chances are almost 3 to 1 that she voted for Mayor Lieberman.

B. Each week nine out of 10 best-selling paperback books at The Reader's Nook are works of fiction. Since Nash's history of World War II was among the ten best-selling paperback books at The Reader's Nook this week, the chances are 9 to 1 that it is a work of ficition

C. 90% of those who attempt to get into Myrmidon Military Academy are turned down. Since the previous 10 candidates to the academy were not accepted, Vladimir's application will almost certainly be approved.

D. Only one out of 50 applications for bypassing zoning regulations and establishing a new business in the Gedford residential district is accepted. Since only 12 such applications were made last month, there is virtually no chance that any of them will be accepted.

E. Nearly 95% of last year's Borough High School graduating class went on to some type of further schooling. Since only a little more than 5% of that graduating class took longer than the usual four years to graduate, it is probable everyone who did gaduate within four years went on to further schooling.

Answers :

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. E 7. C 8. B